Advice libraryPractical care · 7 min read

Responding to Distress and Changes in Behaviour in Dementia

Behaviour that feels difficult is often communication: pain, fear, overload, boredom, an unmet need or a world that no longer makes sense. Safety matters, but so does curiosity about the cause.

Look for the message

Ask what happened immediately before the change and what the person may be trying to achieve or avoid. Check pain, constipation, infection, hunger, thirst, temperature, tiredness and medication changes.

In the moment

Lower your voice, give space, remove unnecessary demands and acknowledge the emotion. Do not corner, restrain or argue unless trained professionals are managing an immediate safety emergency.

  • Reduce noise and the number of people present
  • Offer one clear next step
  • Try a familiar object, drink or change of room
  • Record patterns to discuss with the care team

Get help when risk rises

Seek urgent help if anyone is in immediate danger. A sudden behaviour change needs medical assessment because delirium, pain or illness may be responsible. Ask the dementia care team for an individual plan rather than relying on generic advice.

Sources and further reading

Reviewed against trusted UK health guidance. Personal circumstances vary; speak to a qualified professional for individual advice.